{"id":588,"date":"2017-03-14T16:28:53","date_gmt":"2017-03-14T16:28:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ninetheme.com\/themes\/ahope\/?p=49"},"modified":"2022-11-14T19:38:04","modified_gmt":"2022-11-14T19:38:04","slug":"the-holocaust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jonaraja.com\/?p=588","title":{"rendered":"The Holocaust"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Holocaust<\/b>, also known as\u00a0the Shoah<\/b>,[b]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0was the\u00a0genocide<\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0European Jews<\/a>\u00a0during\u00a0World War\u00a0II<\/a>.[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Between 1941 and 1945,\u00a0Nazi Germany<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0its collaborators<\/a>\u00a0systematically murdered some\u00a0six million<\/a>\u00a0Jews<\/a>\u00a0across\u00a0German-occupied Europe<\/a>;[a]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0around two-thirds of Europe’s Jewish population.[c]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0The murders were carried out in\u00a0pogroms<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0mass shootings<\/a>; by a policy of\u00a0extermination through labor<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0concentration camps<\/a>; and in\u00a0gas chambers<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0gas vans<\/a>\u00a0in German\u00a0extermination camps<\/a>, chiefly\u00a0Auschwitz-Birkenau<\/a>,\u00a0Be\u0142\u017cec<\/a>,\u00a0Che\u0142mno<\/a>,\u00a0Majdanek<\/a>,\u00a0Sobib\u00f3r<\/a>, and\u00a0Treblinka<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0occupied Poland<\/a>.[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following\u00a0Adolf Hitler<\/a>‘s appointment as\u00a0chancellor<\/a>\u00a0on 30 January 1933, the regime built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and those deemed “undesirable”, starting with\u00a0Dachau<\/a>\u00a0on 22 March 1933.[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0After the passing of the\u00a0Enabling Act<\/a>\u00a0on 24 March,[7]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0which gave Hitler dictatorial\u00a0plenary powers<\/a>, the\u00a0government<\/a>\u00a0began isolating Jews from civil society; this included\u00a0boycotting Jewish businesses<\/a>\u00a0in April 1933 and enacting the\u00a0Nuremberg Laws<\/a>\u00a0in September 1935. On 9\u201310 November 1938, eight months after Germany\u00a0annexed Austria<\/a>, Jewish businesses and other buildings were ransacked or set on fire throughout Germany and Austria on what became known as\u00a0Kristallnacht<\/a><\/i>\u00a0(the “Night of Broken Glass”). After Germany\u00a0invaded Poland<\/a>\u00a0in September 1939, triggering World War II, the regime set up\u00a0ghettos<\/a>\u00a0to segregate Jews. Eventually, thousands of camps and other detention sites were established across German-occupied Europe.<\/p>\n

The segregation of Jews in ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the\u00a0Final Solution<\/a>\u00a0to the\u00a0Jewish Question<\/a>, discussed by senior government officials at the\u00a0Wannsee Conference<\/a>\u00a0in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces\u00a0captured territories in the East<\/a>, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the\u00a0SS<\/a>, with directions from the highest leadership of the\u00a0Nazi Party<\/a>, killings were committed within Germany itself, throughout occupied Europe, and within territories controlled by\u00a0Germany’s allies<\/a>. Paramilitary\u00a0death squads<\/a>\u00a0called\u00a0Einsatzgruppen<\/a><\/i>, in cooperation with the\u00a0German Army<\/a>\u00a0and local collaborators, murdered around 1.3\u00a0million Jews in mass shootings and pogroms from the summer of 1941. By mid-1942, victims were being deported from ghettos across Europe in sealed\u00a0freight trains<\/a>\u00a0to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, they were gassed, worked or beaten to death, or killed by disease, starvation, cold, medical experiments, or during\u00a0death marches<\/a>. The killing continued until the\u00a0end of World War II in Europe<\/a>\u00a0in May 1945.<\/p>\n

The Holocaust is understood as being primarily the genocide of the Jews, but during the\u00a0Holocaust era<\/a>[8]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0(1933\u20131945), systematic mass-killings of other population groups occurred. These included\u00a0Roma<\/a>,\u00a0Poles<\/a>,\u00a0Ukrainians<\/a>,\u00a0Soviet civilians and prisoners of war<\/a>, and other targeted populations. Smaller groups were also victims of deadly Nazi persecution, such as\u00a0Jehovah’s Witnesses<\/a>,\u00a0Black Germans<\/a>,\u00a0disabled<\/a>\u00a0people,\u00a0communists<\/a>, and\u00a0homosexuals<\/a>.<\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":746,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-588","post","type-post","status-publish","format-gallery","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","post_format-post-format-gallery"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jonaraja.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/588","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jonaraja.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jonaraja.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jonaraja.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jonaraja.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=588"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/jonaraja.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/588\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1033,"href":"https:\/\/jonaraja.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/588\/revisions\/1033"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jonaraja.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jonaraja.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=588"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jonaraja.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=588"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jonaraja.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}